īy 1940 small groups of people in California, USA had been spearfishing for less than 10 years. This practice came to the attention of the Italian Navy, which developed its frogman unit, which affected World War II. Modern scuba diving had its genesis in the systematic use of rebreathers by Italian sport spearfishers during the 1930s. This led to development of the modern diving mask, fins and snorkel. In the 1920s, sport spearfishing using only watertight swimming goggles became popular on the Mediterranean coast of France and Italy. With practice, some freedivers are able to hold their breath for up to ten minutes a diver with underwater breathing equipment can dive for much longer periods. Traditional spear fishing is restricted to shallow waters, but the development of the speargun, diving mask and swimfins allows fishing in deeper waters. A small trident-type spear with a long handle is used in the American South and Midwest for gigging bullfrogs with a bright light at night, or for gigging carp and other fish in the shallows. Spear fishing is an ancient method of fishing and may be conducted with an ordinary spear or a specialised variant such as an eel spear or the trident. Head of an arrow used for fishing, from Guyana. Early hunters in India include the Mincopie people, aboriginal inhabitants of India's Andaman and Nicobar islands, who have used harpoons with long cords for fishing since early times. Ĭopper harpoons were known to the seafaring Harappans well into antiquity. He fought the murmillo, who carried a short sword and a helmet with the image of a fish on the front. In a parody of fishing, a type of gladiator called retiarius carried a trident and a casting-net. Oppian describes various means of fishing including the use of spears and tridents. This is the earliest such work to have survived intact. Greek author Oppian of Corycus wrote a major treatise on sea fishing, the Halieulica or Halieutika, composed between 177 and 180. The Greek historian Polybius ( ca 203 BC–120 BC), in his Histories, describes hunting for swordfish by using a harpoon with a barbed and detachable head. An early example from the Bible is in Job 41:7: Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears?. There are references to fishing with spears in ancient literature though, in most cases, the descriptions do not go into detail. Cosquer Cave in Southern France contains cave art over 16,000 years old, including drawings of seals which appear to have been harpooned. Spearfishing with barbed poles ( harpoons) was widespread in palaeolithic times. Spearfishing uses no bait and is highly selective, with no by-catch. The use of mechanically powered spearguns is also outlawed in some countries and jurisdictions such as New Zealand. Spearfishing may be done using free-diving, snorkelling or scuba diving techniques, but spearfishing while using scuba equipment is illegal in some countries. Specialised techniques and equipment have been developed for various types of aquatic environments and target fish. Modern spearfishing usually involves the use of underwater swimming gear and slingshot-like elastic powered spearguns or compressed gas powered pneumatic spearguns, which launch a tethered underwater projectile to strike the target fish. Early civilisations were familiar with the custom of spearing fish from rivers and streams using sharpened sticks. It has been deployed in artisanal fishing throughout the world for millennia. Spearfishing is a method of fishing that involves impaling the fish with a straight pointed object such as a spear, gig or harpoon.
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